VulnTideExploited vulnerabilities, by vendor. Data as of .
Known exploitedIn CISA's KEV catalog since Ransomware use: unknown
Arm Mali Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)

CVE-2021-28663: Arm Mali Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) Use-After-Free Vulnerability

Is it exploited?

Yes. CISA added it to the Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog on , 177 days after the CVE record was published.

How likely is exploitation in the next 30 days?
12.1%

EPSS score, percentile 96.1 of all scored records

How severe?
8.8 High

CVSS v3.1 base score, from CISA's enrichment of the record

What should I do?

CISA deadline . Apply updates per vendor instructions.

The CVE record links no vendor advisory, patch or mitigation.

Which versions are affected?

Not stated. The CVE record gives vendor and product as “n/a” and the version as “unspecified”.

Source: CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV) catalog, 2026.10.28, as of ; FIRST Exploit Prediction Scoring System (EPSS), v2026.06.15, as of ; CVE List V5 (CVE Program), cve_2026-10-28_0000Z, as of . About the data.

What to do

Required action, set by CISA

Apply updates per vendor instructions.

CISA due date for this action: .

Advisories and patches

The CVE record links no vendor advisory, patch or mitigation.

Linked from CISA's catalog entry

Affected products and versions

The CVE record does not name affected products or versions: vendor and product are “n/a” and the version is “unspecified”.

Source: CVE List V5 (CVE Program), cve_2026-10-28_0000Z, as of . About the data.

About this vulnerability

Arm Mali Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) kernel driver contains a use-after-free vulnerability that may allow a non-privileged user to make improper operations on GPU memory to gain root privilege, and/or disclose information.

Summary: CISA's KEV catalog, as of .

  • CISA added CVE-2021-28663 to its Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV) catalog on 3 Nov 2021.
  • CISA's ransomware flag for this entry is "Unknown": no evidence of ransomware use in the catalog, which is not proof of none.
  • The due date CISA sets for the required action is 17 Nov 2021.
  • The CVE record was published on 10 May 2021, 177 days before it was added to KEV.
  • The CVE record carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 8.8 (High), taken from CISA's enrichment of the record.
  • FIRST's EPSS model puts the probability of exploitation in the next 30 days at 12.1% (percentile 96.1), as of 28 Oct 2026.
  • CISA's SSVC assessment in the CVE record: exploitation active, automatable no, technical impact total.

Source: CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV) catalog, 2026.10.28, as of ; CVE List V5 (CVE Program), cve_2026-10-28_0000Z, as of ; FIRST Exploit Prediction Scoring System (EPSS), v2026.06.15, as of . About the data.

Description

The Arm Mali GPU kernel driver allows privilege escalation or information disclosure because GPU memory operations are mishandled, leading to a use-after-free. This affects Bifrost r0p0 through r28p0 before r29p0, Valhall r19p0 through r28p0 before r29p0, and Midgard r4p0 through r30p0.

Source: CVE List V5 (CVE Program), cve_2026-10-28_0000Z, as of . About the data.

Weakness

CWE and CAPEC are maintained by MITRE; the entries are those named in the CVE record and the KEV entry.

Timeline

DateEvent
CVE record published
Added to CISA KEV
CISA due date for the required action
CVE record last updated

References

More exploited Arm vulnerabilities

  • CVE-2024-4610: Arm Mali GPU Kernel Driver Use-After-Free Vulnerability (added )
  • CVE-2023-4211: Arm Mali GPU Kernel Driver Use-After-Free Vulnerability (added )
  • CVE-2021-29256: Arm Mali GPU Kernel Driver Use-After-Free Vulnerability (added )
  • CVE-2023-26083: Arm Mali GPU Kernel Driver Information Disclosure Vulnerability (added )
  • CVE-2022-22706: Arm Mali GPU Kernel Driver Unspecified Vulnerability (added )
  • CVE-2022-38181: Arm Mali GPU Kernel Driver Use-After-Free Vulnerability (added )