CVE-2025-31201: Apple Multiple Products Arbitrary Read and Write Vulnerability
- Is it exploited?
Yes. CISA added it to the Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog on 17 Apr 2025, 1 day after the CVE record was published.
- How likely is exploitation in the next 30 days?
- 14%
EPSS score, percentile 96.5 of all scored records
- How severe?
- 9.8 Critical
CVSS v3.1 base score, from CISA's enrichment of the record
- What should I do?
CISA deadline 8 May 2025. Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.
The CVE record links no vendor advisory, patch or mitigation.
- Which versions are affected?
Affected
- before 18.4.1
- before 15.4.1
- before 18.4.1
- before 2.4.1
Source: CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV) catalog, 2026.10.28, as of 28 Oct 2026; FIRST Exploit Prediction Scoring System (EPSS), v2026.06.15, as of 28 Oct 2026; CVE List V5 (CVE Program), cve_2026-10-28_0000Z, as of 28 Oct 2026. About the data.
What to do
Required action, set by CISA
Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.
CISA due date for this action: 8 May 2025.
Advisories and patches
The CVE record links no vendor advisory, patch or mitigation.
Linked from CISA's catalog entry
- https://support.apple.com/en-us/122282
- https://support.apple.com/en-us/122400
- https://support.apple.com/en-us/122401
- https://support.apple.com/en-us/122402
- https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-31201
Affected products and versions
As listed in the CVE record.
| Status | Versions |
|---|---|
| Affected | before 18.4.1 |
| Status | Versions |
|---|---|
| Affected | before 15.4.1 |
| Status | Versions |
|---|---|
| Affected | before 18.4.1 |
| Status | Versions |
|---|---|
| Affected | before 2.4.1 |
Source: CVE List V5 (CVE Program), cve_2026-10-28_0000Z, as of 28 Oct 2026. About the data.
About this vulnerability
Apple iOS, iPadOS, macOS, and other Apple products contain an arbitrary read and write vulnerability that allows an attacker to bypass Pointer Authentication.
Summary: CISA's KEV catalog, as of 28 Oct 2026.
- CISA added CVE-2025-31201 to its Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV) catalog on 17 Apr 2025.
- CISA's ransomware flag for this entry is "Unknown": no evidence of ransomware use in the catalog, which is not proof of none.
- The due date CISA sets for the required action is 8 May 2025.
- The CVE record was published on 16 Apr 2025, 1 day before it was added to KEV.
- The CVE record carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 9.8 (Critical), taken from CISA's enrichment of the record.
- FIRST's EPSS model puts the probability of exploitation in the next 30 days at 14% (percentile 96.5), as of 28 Oct 2026.
- CISA's SSVC assessment in the CVE record: exploitation active, automatable yes, technical impact total.
Source: CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV) catalog, 2026.10.28, as of 28 Oct 2026; CVE List V5 (CVE Program), cve_2026-10-28_0000Z, as of 28 Oct 2026; FIRST Exploit Prediction Scoring System (EPSS), v2026.06.15, as of 28 Oct 2026. About the data.
Description
This issue was addressed by removing the vulnerable code. This issue is fixed in iOS 18.4.1 and iPadOS 18.4.1, macOS Sequoia 15.4.1, tvOS 18.4.1, visionOS 2.4.1. An attacker with arbitrary read and write capability may be able to bypass Pointer Authentication. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been exploited in an extremely sophisticated attack against specific targeted individuals on iOS.
Source: CVE List V5 (CVE Program), cve_2026-10-28_0000Z, as of 28 Oct 2026. About the data.
Weakness
- CWE-1220: Insufficient Granularity of Access Control
CWE and CAPEC are maintained by MITRE; the entries are those named in the CVE record and the KEV entry.
Timeline
| Date | Event |
|---|---|
| 16 Apr 2025 | CVE record published |
| 17 Apr 2025 | Added to CISA KEV |
| 8 May 2025 | CISA due date for the required action |
| 2 Apr 2026 | CVE record last updated |
References
More exploited Apple vulnerabilities
- CVE-2026-86950: Apple Multiple Products Out-of-Bounds Write Vulnerability
- CVE-2026-65400: Apple macOS Improper Authentication Vulnerability
- CVE-2025-31277: Apple Multiple Products Buffer Overflow Vulnerability
- CVE-2025-43510: Apple Multiple Products Improper Locking Vulnerability
- CVE-2025-43520: Apple Multiple Products Classic Buffer Overflow Vulnerability
- CVE-2021-30952: Apple Multiple Products Integer Overflow or Wraparound Vulnerability