VulnTideExploited vulnerabilities, by vendor. Data as of .
Known exploitedIn CISA's KEV catalog since Ransomware use: unknown
Microsoft Windows
CVE-2025-24991: Microsoft Windows NTFS Out-Of-Bounds Read Vulnerability
Is it exploited?
Yes. CISA added it to the Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog on , the same day the CVE record was published.
How likely is exploitation in the next 30 days?
2%
EPSS score, percentile 80.9 of all scored records
How severe?
5.5Medium
CVSS v3.1 base score, given by the CNA
What should I do?
CISA deadline . Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.
Source: CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV) catalog, 2026.10.28, as of ; FIRST Exploit Prediction Scoring System (EPSS), v2026.06.15, as of ; CVE List V5 (CVE Program), cve_2026-10-28_0000Z, as of . About the data.
What to do
Required action, set by CISA
Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.
Microsoft Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1 (Server Core installation)
Status
Versions
Affected
from 6.1.7601.0 to before 6.1.7601.27618
Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2
Status
Versions
Affected
from 6.0.6003.0 to before 6.0.6003.23168
Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2 (Server Core installation)
Status
Versions
Affected
from 6.0.6003.0 to before 6.0.6003.23168
Microsoft Windows Server 2012
Status
Versions
Affected
from 6.2.9200.0 to before 6.2.9200.25368
Microsoft Windows Server 2012 (Server Core installation)
Status
Versions
Affected
from 6.2.9200.0 to before 6.2.9200.25368
Microsoft Windows Server 2012 R2
Status
Versions
Affected
from 6.3.9600.0 to before 6.3.9600.22470
Microsoft Windows Server 2012 R2 (Server Core installation)
Status
Versions
Affected
from 6.3.9600.0 to before 6.3.9600.22470
Microsoft Windows Server 2016
Status
Versions
Affected
from 10.0.14393.0 to before 10.0.14393.7876
Microsoft Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation)
Status
Versions
Affected
from 10.0.14393.0 to before 10.0.14393.7876
Microsoft Windows Server 2019
Status
Versions
Affected
from 10.0.17763.0 to before 10.0.17763.7009
Source: CVE List V5 (CVE Program), cve_2026-10-28_0000Z, as of . About the data.
About this vulnerability
Microsoft Windows New Technology File System (NTFS) contains an out-of-bounds read vulnerability that allows an authorized attacker to disclose information locally.
Summary: CISA's KEV catalog, as of .
CISA added CVE-2025-24991 to its Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV) catalog on 11 Mar 2025.
CISA's ransomware flag for this entry is "Unknown": no evidence of ransomware use in the catalog, which is not proof of none.
The due date CISA sets for the required action is 1 Apr 2025.
The CVE record was published on 11 Mar 2025, the same day it was added to KEV.
The CVE record carries a CVSS v3.1 base score of 5.5 (Medium), given by its CNA.
FIRST's EPSS model puts the probability of exploitation in the next 30 days at 2% (percentile 80.9), as of 28 Oct 2026.
CISA's SSVC assessment in the CVE record: exploitation active, automatable no, technical impact partial.
Source: CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV) catalog, 2026.10.28, as of ; CVE List V5 (CVE Program), cve_2026-10-28_0000Z, as of ; FIRST Exploit Prediction Scoring System (EPSS), v2026.06.15, as of . About the data.
Description
Windows NTFS Information Disclosure Vulnerability
Out-of-bounds read in Windows NTFS allows an authorized attacker to disclose information locally.
Source: CVE List V5 (CVE Program), cve_2026-10-28_0000Z, as of . About the data.